13july 1931 ,beginning of revolution against Aryans in kashmir .

Kashmir Martyrs' Day:

13th of July 1931

The Kashmir Martyrs’ Day: Youm-e-Shuhada-e-Kashmir is 

observed on July 13 every year not only on both sides of the Line

of Control but also all over the world by the Kashmiris to pay 

homage to 22 Kashmiris who were martyred in 1931 to free 

Kashmir from the brutalities of despotic Dogra(Aryan)rulers. 

The tragic day is the milestone in the history of Kashmiri struggle 

against foreign occupation. It was revolt against atrocities on July 

13, 1931 when people rose against the autocratic Dogra(Aryan)

rule and protested against the prosecution of sympathizer of 

Kashmir struggle, Abdul Qadeer Khan Ghazi.

It starts from 1846 when Sikh rule ended and the British sold 

Kashmir to Dogra(Aryan) Maharaja Gulab Singh under the 

Treaty of Amritsar at a cost of 750,000 Nanak Shahi, using the 

name of sikh’s Guru “Guru Nanak dev ji “ was a political stunt by 

the Aryan Maharaja who called them self as Dogra MahaRaja 

.Since then Kashmir has been in a state of trouble and torment.

The 100 year span of Dogra(Aryan) rule is completely bleak and 

dark part of history of miseries to the Muslims and Dalits of 

Jammu and Kashmir. It is the most agonizing period. Since all 

these long years, Kashmiris have been engaged in a genuine 

freedom struggle.

Five important incidents which took place at the time in quick 

succession provided the spark needed to kindle the flames of 

revolt. These five causes area as:

1. In the first case:

A leading land-holder in Udhampur Jammu had converted to Islam. The Hindu(Aryan) Tehsildar 

sanctioned a fresh mutation of his lands, eliminated his name and mutated the same in the 

name of his brother. He filed a suit that was dismissed with the remarks that unless he re-

entered Hindu faith, he was not entitled to any property. This was done in accordance with a 

decree issued by the Dogra Government on 31 December 1882. 2. The second incident took place on 29th April 1931, in Jammu city. 

The Muslims offered their Eid Prayers in a garden maintained by 

the Municipal Committee .The prayers were led by Mufti Mohmmad 

Ishaque. After prayers, he read a few verses from the 

Holy Quran relating to Pharaohand Moses and explained its historical 

significance in his Khutba. A police sub- inspector was on duty along 

with a posse of policemen.

When the Imam spoke of Pharaoh as a cruel and tyrant king, the 

sub-inspector ordered him to stop the Khutba as in his view 

theImam had transgressed the bounds of law and was guilty of 

treason. A young man Mir Hussain Bakhsh stood up to defy the 

ban and addressing the people told them that the Government 

had been guilty of interference in their religion. The cry was taken 

up by the congregation; they marched in a procession to the city’s 

main Masjid where brief meeting was held condemning the 

incident. It was resolved to hold a protest meeting in the evening.

One of the biggest ever gatherings in the city, it was presided over 

by Mir Hussain Bakhsh. The Muslims felt deeply hurt. Politically 

suppressed and economically strangulated, the interference now 

in their religious observations aroused deep hatred against the 

then Aryan rulers called them self as Dogra Rulers .

The second incident

This took place on 4 June in the Central Jail Jammu. According to daily “Inquilab” dated 

1/7/1931, Fazal Dad Khan, a police constable from Mirpur, was sitting on a cot when a Head 

Warder, Balak Ram, reprimanded him for being late on duty. In the meantime, Labhu Ram, a 

Sub-Inspector, threw away Khan's bedding in a fit of recklessness. It contained a copy 

of Panjsurah (five chapters from the Quran). Fazal Dad approached the Young Men’s Muslim 

Association.

The third incident:

This took place in Srinagar on 20 June 1931 when leaves of the Quran were found in a public 

latrine. Moulvi Muhammad Yousuf Shah at a public meeting held at Hazratbal said: "If we are 

arrested there is nothing for you to fear. If ten of us are arrested, the other ten must be prepared to take our places". In his work "Inside Kashmir" (1941), Prem Nath Bazaz writes: "The 

driving force behind the mass agitation till the 13th July was the discontent among the 

rank and file of the Muslims. The attack on the jail was in no way directed against the 

Hindus ( molnevasi) , and those who laid down their lives at the jail gate did so fighting 

against an unsympathetic government(Aryan) … It was a fight of the tyrannized against 

their tyrants, of the oppressed against the oppressors" .

Moulvi Muhammad Yousuf Shah at a public meeting held at Hazratbal said: 

“If we are arrested there is nothing for you to fear. If ten of us are arrested,

the other ten must be prepared to take our places”.

Immediate cause

Abdul Qadeer was an employee of an English army officer, Major Butt of the Yorkshire

Regiment posted at Peshawar, hailed from Swat (Many versions about his origin). Abdul Qadeer 

had been attending the meetings and at Kanqah-i-Maula he was unable to suppress his feelings, 

which resulted in his impromptu address to the crowd. His speech was recorded by the CID and 

when he returned to Naseem Bagh that night, he was followed and arrested on 25 June from 

the house-boat of his employer and charged under section 124-A (treason) and 153 of 

the Ranbir Penal Code. Rashid Taseer in his "Tarikh-i-Hurriyat" (page no 96), recorded his 

speech as: "Muslim brothers: the time has now come when we should not meet force by great 

force to put an end to the tyrannies and brutalities to which you are subjected, nor will they solve 

the issue of disrespect to Holy Quran to your satisfaction. You must rely up on your own 

strength and wage a relentless war against oppression"; pointing his finger towards the palace 

he shouted, : "raze it to the ground".He said, "We have no machine guns. But we have plenty of 

stones and brickbats." When Muslims learnt of his arrest, there was wide resentment across 

Kashmir.

For his speech, Abdul Qadeer was arrested on the 25 June 1931, under section 124-A and 153 

of the Ranbir Penal Code. His trial started on the 4 July in the Court of the Sessions Judge, 

Srinagar. During the four hearings on July 4, 6, 7 and 9, a large number of Muslims gathered in 

the compound of the Court to witness this trial. Khan’s trial was started in Srinagar Jail. The 

Deputy Inspector of Police came to the site of the trial with one Inspector, 2 Sub Inspectors, 5 

Head Constables and 44 Policemen. Out of this force, 22 policemen were armed with rifles and 

the rest with hand clubs, while the Inspectors had revolvers. Besides the above, the Jail forces 

consisted of 119 policemen armed with dandas and 19 policemen with rifles. Thousands of 

Muslims assembled outside the Central Jail. After the entry of the session Judge, they 

demanded permission to enter the compound. According to an estimate, four to five thousand 

people went witness the trial. Before the session began, a group of about two hundred people 

entered the compound and remained in peace outside the Jail Guard Lines.

At 1:00 pm. Muslims began lining up for their noon prayers. A little later the District Magistrate, 

the City Munsiff, the Superintendent of Police and the Assistant Superintendent of Police arrived 

in cars. As soon as they left their vehicles, people shouted slogans, ‘Allah-o-Akbar- Islam  Zindabad’ and ‘Abdul Qadeer Zindabad”. When the Judge arrived the people shouted, “Our brother 

from Raibareli; Release Abdul Qadeer! Our brother from Rawalpindi! We will go to the jail. 

Imprison us instead”.

To quell the crowd, the police started firing and continued for fifteen minutes. Governor Turlok

Chand ordered the armed police to open fire. According to the evidence officially placed before 

the Dalal Inquiry Commission, 180 rounds were fired. Seventeen Muslims were killed on the 

spot and forty received serious injuries, five of whom died later. According to The Hindu, 

the Daily Tribune dated 28 July 1931 reported the deaths of 21 Muslims in the firing. It is 

recorded by Chaudhri Ghulam Abbas Khan in his autobiography that "the sky became suddenly 

overcast with dark frightening clouds and the city witnessed an unusual dust storm, as soon as 

the procession reached Jamia Masjid, and the government clamped martial law and handed 

over the city to the army". One of the victims had reportedly told Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah; "I 

have done my duty and now you proceed ahead!. On the third day, they were buried in the 

compound of Kanqah-i-Maula, which has since come to be known as "Mazar-i-Shuhada".

Formation of “All Indian Kashmir Committee”

On 14 August 1931, a call given by the All Indian Kashmir Committee. 

Ahrars voluntarily entered Kashmir and one Ellahi-Bakshi was killed by 

Dogra(Aryan) police at Kashmir border. His slogan was “Kashmir Chalo”. He 

was the first Muslim martyr from India to lay down his life for Kashmir.

Women Warriors

In Kashmir valley, women also made a notable contribution to 

the movement. In Shopian Miss Sajida Bano aged 25 received a 

bullet wound in military firing. She was pregnant and died along 

with the child on the spot. The second woman to die was Miss Jan 

Begam, widow of Abel Lone, aged 35, resident of Nowshahra 

Srinagar, was killed in police firing. The 3rd female martyr is Miss 

Freechi, widow of Razaq Joo, resident of Jalal Saeb Baramullah, 

died of a bullet wound received in a military firing. She hurled at 

face of a police officer in course of a procession of women which 

disfigured him permanently. The 4th woman to die was Miss Fazli who was killed on 24th September 1931, when the Maharaja’s 

military opened fire.

Kashmiri's who are getting freedom fighter pension to 

free india against Britishers:

A tight slap on the faces of those who says kashmiri's were anti 

india ,it was the tactics of Aryans which turned the nationalists

into a terrorists.

703 Kashmiris get Freedom Fighters' pension in JK

Jammu, May 8: A total of 703 Kashmiris are among 858 persons receiving

Freedom Fighters' pension in Jammu and Kashmir, according to an official

document. “The aggregate number of freedom fighters and dependents

drawing monthly

A report by india tv , May 8: A total of 703 Kashmiris are among 858 

persons receiving Freedom Fighters' pension in Jammu and Kashmir, 

according to an official document.

The aggregate number of freedom fighters and dependents drawing 

monthly pension from different treasuries currently is 858,” a senior official 

of General Administrative Department said in an official document.

Of these, 703 pensioners belong to Kashmir Valley and 155 are from 

Jammu region, the official said. 

Former Minister and state Congress chief G R Kar also figures in the list, 

as per the document. 

The monthly pension to the freedom fighters and their dependents ranges 

from Rs 1,200 plus dearness allowance to Rs 16,775 per month.